The Essential Teachings of the Holy Religion (聖敎要旨, 성교요지), composed by Yi Byeok (李檗, 이벽, 1754-1785). Early Korean converts to Catholicism used Classical Chinese translations of prayers until French Missionaries entered in the mid 19th century.
This is a series of posts on monomorphemic words, which are words composed of two characters wherein the word cannot be understood by reading the characters separately.
Miscellaneous Monomorphemic Words
Miscellaneous monomorphemic words (其他 衍聲複詞, 기타 연성복사) are words that do not follow any of the other patterns in other categories. These words typically are nouns. It should be noted that some of these words are foreign loan words. For instance, the word 葡萄(포도) originates from Persian. Many of the following words in the examples below still appear in modern Korean, albeit some not often in colloquial settings.
昔者, 莊周夢爲胡蝶, 栩栩然胡蝶也. 自喻適志與! 不知周也.
석자, 장주몽위호접, 상상연호접야. 자유적지여! 불지주야.
Formerly, I, Zhang Zhou (莊周, 장주, Jang Ju), dreamed that I became a butterfly, a joyous and ecstatic butterfly. I was happy in accordance with my whims! I did not know Zhou.
► Zhuangzi (莊子, 장자), Inner Chapters (內篇, 내편), Adjustment of Controversies (齊物論, 제 물론).
夫君子愛口, 孔雀愛羽, 虎豹愛爪. 此皆所以治身法也.
부군자애구, 공작애우, 호표애파. 차개소이치신법야.
In general, a gentleman (君子, 군자) loves his mouth, a peacock loves its feathers, and tigers and leopards love their claws. These are all methods of controlling oneself.
► Garden of Stories (說苑, 설원).
鸚鵡能言, 不離飛鳥. 猩猩能言, 不離禽獸. 今人而無禮. 雖能言, 不亦禽獸之心乎?
앵무능언, 불리비조. 성성능언, 불리금수. 금인이무례. 수능언, 불역금수지심호?
A parrot can speak, but it does not depart from flying birds. An ape can speak, but it does not depart from beasts. This man does not [obey] rites. Although he can speak, is he not also of the heart of the beast?
► Classic of Rites (禮記, 예기), Summary of Rules of Propriety Part I (曲禮上, 곡례상).
宣王曰: “當今之世無士, 寡人何好?” 王斗曰: “世無騏驎騄耳, 王駟已備矣.”
선왕왈: “당금지세무사, 과인하호?” 왕두왈: “세무기린록이, 왕사이준의.”
King Xuan of Zhou (宣王, 선왕, Seon Wang, r. 827-782 BC) said, “Right now, in the world, there are no scholarly men. Who can I like?” Wang Dou (王斗, 왕두, Wang Du) replied, “In the world, there is no Qilin (麒麟, 기린, Girin) or Lu’er (騄耳, 녹이), but you, the King, have already prepared four horses.”
► Strategies of the Warring States (戰國策, 전국책), Strategies of the Qi (齊策, 제책).
卽袖該藥入廚房, 投下珈琲茶罐.
즉수해약입주방, 투하가배차관.
[He], at that time, in his sleeve stored medicine, entered into the kitchen, and threw them into the coffee pot.
► Royal Annals of the Chosun Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄, 조선왕조실록) during the reign of Emperor Gojong (高宗, 고종, 1852-1919, r. 1863-1907) on September 12, 1898.
葡萄入酒辱煎烹 / 漬蜜偏憐色味淸
포도입주욕전팽 / 지밀편련색미청
The grapes enter into the wine and swelter, boiled and simmered / Having [them] soaked in honey, I very much adore their color and the taste.
► Since You Have Sent Me Grapes Soaked in Honey from Daejwa (台座, 대좌), I Send my Gratitude with a Poem of the Same Rime (台座分送漬蜜葡萄, 疊韻以謝; 대좌분송지밀포도, 첩운이사) by Choe Rip (崔岦, 최립, 1539-1612).
Nota Bene: Although the word podo (葡萄, 포도) appears like a riming monomorphemic word, a quick search in the dictionary will reveal that these characters are not riming.
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