Haedongsok Sohak (海東續小學, 해동속소학). It was composed by Pak Jaehyeong (朴在馨, 박재형, 1838-1900) in 1884 and first published by the Chosun Enlightened Works Society (朝鮮光文會, 조선광문회) in 1912.
This is a series of posts on monomorphemic words, which are words composed of two characters wherein the word cannot be understood by reading the characters separately.
Alliterated Monomorphemic Words
Alliterated monomorphemic words (雙聲 衍聲複詞, 쌍성 연성복사) are words that have the same initial consonant — hence, the term, “alliterated.” In many of these words, the characters have the same radical, Busu (部首, 부수). The following are examples of alliterated monomorphemic words, all of which are still used in modern Korean albeit some not in colloquial settings.
要土所求之物, 乃長劍, 白松鶻, 珫璃盃, 榧子等四種云.
요토소구지물, 내장검, 백송골, 류리배, 비자등사종운.
What materials [the Manchurian] General Yoto (要土, 요토) acquired were long swords, glass cups, and four kinds of nutmeg trees and et cetera.
► Daily Record of the Royal Secretariat (承政院日記, 승정원일기), 1628, the 6th year of King Injo’s reign (仁祖, 인조,1595-1649, r. 1623-1649)
聖人躊躇以興事, 以每成功. 奈何哉其載焉終矜爾!
성인주저이흥사, 이매성공. 내하재기재언종긍이!
Sages hesitate and are indecisive in starting actions, so that they are always successful. [But] what about you? Ending your conduct, will there only be arrogance?
► Zhuangzi (莊子, 장자, Jangja), Miscellaneous Chapters (雜篇, 잡편), What Comes From Out (外物, 외물)
於是諭其志意, 以其恍惚以與神明交, 庶或饗之. “庶或饗之”, 孝子之志也.
어시유기지의, 이기황홀이여신명교, 서혹찬지. “서혹향지”, 효자지지야.
Thereupon, realizing [the ancestor's] wishes and intentions, in their blissful ecstasy [the son] in commune with their spirits is as if to give offerings [for an ancestral memorial rite]. “As if to give an offering” is the aim of the filial son.
► Classic of Rites (禮記, 예기), The Meaning of Sacrifices (祭義 , 제의)
文帝問宣曰: “吾夢殿屋兩瓦墮地, 化爲雙鴛鴦, 此何謂也?” 宣對曰: “後宮當有暴死者.”
문제문선왈: “오몽전옥량와추지, 화위쌍원앙, 차하위야?” 선대왈: “후궁당유폭사자.”
Emperor Wen (文, 문, Mun, 179-157 BC) asked Zhou Xuan (周宣, 주선, Ju Seon), “In my dream, in a house in the royal palace, two roof shingles fell to the ground and transformed into twin mandarin ducks. What say [you] of this?” Xuan replied, “Behind the palace, indeed there was a violent death.”
► Record of the Three Kingdoms (三國志, 삼국지), 29th Chapter of the Book of Wei (魏書二十九, 위서 이십구), Biography on Zhou Xuan (周宣傳, 주선전)
天邊遠挹玲瓏峀 / 野外平臨宛轉江
천변원읍령롱수 / 야외평림원전강
Heaven’s edge from afar pulls the brilliantly shining mountaintop / Outside the field evenly standing and smoothly turning is the river.
► Drinking and Talking Together With Mokbaek Yu Yeonggong (牧伯柳令公, 목백유영공), Using the Character “Gang” (降, 강) as the Rime (同牧伯柳令公飮話 用降字韻, 동목백류령공음화 용강자운) - a Poem by Ki Daeseung (奇大升, 기대승, 1527-1572).
況我東人受聖師罔極之恩. 遺風舊俗, 髣髴猶昨.
황아동인수성사망극지은. 유풍구속, 방불유작.
Moreover, we Eastern people (Koreans) have received the sagely teachers’ boundless graces. Our remaining traditions and old customs still resemble [that of] yesteryear.
► Preface to Borrowing the Rimes of Wang Gyeongmin’s Poem for Kija’s (箕子, 기자) Ancestral Shrine (次王天使 敬民 箕子廟賦韻, 차왕천사 경민 기자묘부운) – a Poem by Yi I (李珥, 이이, 1536-1586).
Nota Bene: Due to the Initial Consonant Rule (頭音法則, 두음법칙) in modern Korean, Sino-Korean words that should have initial consonants of and /r/ (ㄹ) and /n/ (ㄴ) are pronounced and spelled with /n/ (ㄴ) or /null/ (ㅇ). From the examples above, 琉璃 would be spelled and pronounced 유리 (yuri), not 류리 (ryuri) and 玲瓏 would be 용롱 (yeongrong) not 룡롱 (ryeongrong).
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